• Pre-renal
• hypovolaemia
• hepatorenal syndrome
• atheroembolic disease/ renal vein thrombosis
• infection / sepsis
• Renal
• Toxins / medication (NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, iodinated contrast, Li, phosphate)
• Rhabdomyolysis
• Haemolysis
• Multiple myeloma (: hypercalcaemia / cast nephropathy) Goldschmidt'00
• Acute Glomerulonephritis:
• Thin Basement Membrane Disease (AD)
• Non-proliferative
• Minimal change GN: 80% of NS in children: 90% cured after 3/12
• Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): due to reflux nephropathy, Alport syndr, heroin, HIV; presents as NS
• Membranous GN (MPGN): mixed nephrotic/nephritic picture, usu idiop, sometimes Ca, hepatitis, malaria, Penicillamine, SLE, shunt nephritis; 1/3 static, 1/3 remission, 1/3 ESRF
• Proliferative
• IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease): most common worldwide: macroscopic haematuria, occas NS; often young m 1-2d post URTI/GI infection; Tx: ACE-I (not steroids); variable prognosis, 20% ESRF;
• Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP): systemic variant of IgA nephropathy: small vessel vasculitis
• Post-infectious: classically post Strep pyogenes (10-14d post skin/pharyngeal infection)
• Mesangiocapillary ?GN
• Rapidly progressive GN (Crescentic GN)
• AntiGBM (Goodpasture's)
• vasculitic disorders
• Wegener's granulomatosis
• acute lupus nephritis
• Post-renal
• Medication interfering with bladder emptying
• BPH / Prostate Cancer
• kidney stones
• abdominal malignancy
• obstructed urinary catheter

Renal Registry - Standards

• Epo prescription !00%
• Hb>10g/dL
• Ca:2.2-2.6mM/L
• K:3.5-6.4mM/L
• Chol:<5mM/L
• Phosphate:<1.8mM/L
• PTH:<4xULN=4x56=224
• native fistula/graft:>80%
• BC:20-26mM/L
• pre-dialysis BP:<140/90
• post-dialysis BP:<130/80
• HbA1c:<7%
• Ferritin>100
• Ca-PO4-product:<4.8