Src: Nephropathy in UKPDS (2008): [ free pdf] Stages [progression to next stage ~2-3% p.a.]
- No nephropathy
- UAC<=50mg/L, Crea<175mcM/L
- Mort 1.4%
- Microalbuminuria
- UAC:51-299mg/L on 2 consecutive annual samples;
- Mort 3.0%
- Macroalbuminuria/Proteinuria
- UAC>300mg/L on 2 consecutive annual samples;
- Mort 4.6%
- Icrd Crea or RRT
- Crea>175mcM/L on 2 consecutive samples / RRT
- Mort 19.2%
Treatment effects:
- IRMA2: Irbesartan 300mg od vs placebo for 24mths: developing clin nephropathy (UAC>300mg/d) 5% vs 15% (RRR 70%)
- BENEDICT: Trandalopril [vs Verapamil vs both] vs placebo for 3yrs in ~200 hypertensive normoalbuminuric patients: new onset microalbuminuria: Trandalopril 5% vs placebo 10%;
- UKPDS: tight vs less tight BP control: new onset microalbuminuria at 3yrs: 18.3 vs 23.7%
- UKPDS: intensive vs conventional glycaemic control (HbA1c 7.0 vs 7.9%) over (e.g.) 9yrs in ~ 3300 T2DM patients: development of microalbuminuria 19 vs 25% (RRR 24%), development of macroalbuminuria 4.4 vs 6.5% (RRR 33%)
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